ÇOCUK VE ÖDÜL

Ödül, bir başarı veya bir iyiliğe karşılık olarak verilen armağan, mükâfattır. Çocukları eğitmenin yollarından biri de daha doğru bir ifadeyle eğitimde kullanılacak yöntemlerden biri de ödüldür. Çocukların toplumda hangi davranışların doğru ya da yanlış olduğunu öğrenebilmeleri ve topluma sağlıklı bireyler olarak kazandırılabilmeleri için ödül yöntemi uygulanmalıdır.

Ödül, çocukta olumlu davranışların artması için çocukta istek uyandırmak, öğrenme güdüsünü perçinleştirmek, her hangi bir amaca ulaşmaya yönlendirmek için kullanılmalıdır. Çocuk ödülü hediye ya da rüşvet gibi görürse, hile yapabilir. Bu da ödülü amacına ulaştırmaz.

Ödül her zaman maddi hediye olmayabilir. Davranışla orantılı olarak, iyi ve olumlu bir yüz ifadesi, tatlı bir sözcük, aferinleme, alkışlama ya da çok istenilen bir geziye gitme, arzu edilen oyuncak, kitap vb. olabilir. Sürekli olarak eşyalarla ödüllendirme çocuğu maddeci ve açgözlü yapar. Hediye almak için bu davranışı sık sık yapar. Bu davranışla çocuğa iç kontrol kazandırdığımızı söyleyemeyiz.
Çocukların arzu edilen davranışları göstermelerini sağlamak için sık sık ideal ödüllerle ödüllendirilmelidirler.

İdeal Ödüller:
• İlgiyle dinlemek.
• Zaman ayırmak.
• Hayranlık ve sevinç göstermek.
• Başarılarını fark etmek.
• Çabalarını fark etmek.
• Yanlışlarını (mümkünse) görmezden gelmek.

Sık sık ideal ödüllerle ödüllendirilen çocuk:
• Kendine güvenir,
• Kendini değerli ve önemli hisseder,
• Başkaları ile rahatça ilişki kurabilir,
• Rahat konuşur,
• Sorulara ve eleştirilere rahatça cevap verebilir,
• Duygu ve düşüncelerini rahatça ifade edebilir,
• Yeni şeyleri deneme cesareti vardır.

Ödüller Nasıl Verilmeli?
Ödüllerin etkili olması her zaman yerine getirilmesi gereken üç koşula bağlıdır:
• Denetlenen kişinin denetleyenin denetimine girebilmesi (denetleyenin istediği davranışı yapması) için onun elindeki bir şeyi çok fazla istemesi gerekir.
• Denetleyen kişinin verdiği ödül çocuk tarafından gereksinimini karşılayan bir şey olarak görülmelidir.
• Denetlenen, ödülü almak için denetleyen kişiye bağımlı olmalıdır. (Denetlenen gereksinimini kendi kendine karşılayamamalı)
• Ödüllendirici yaklaşım ile şımartma eş tutulmamalıdır. Şımartmak, çocuğu karşılaştığı zorluklardan sağlıksız dozda korumaktır ya da çocuğun karşısında zayıf kalıp pes etmektir.
• Çocuğun olumlu yanlarını artırmak için yeterince ödül verip motive edersek, olumsuz davranışlar kendiliğinden ortadan kalkacaktır. Yani ödül yerinde uygulanırsa sonuca ulaşılır.

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